Mary's Bloomers- Big Gardens for the space-challenged gardener

Puppy Parent's Guide To Toxic Garden Plants

Garden Plants That Are Toxic for Dogs

Important: This list is intended for educational purposes and should not be considered a substitute for veterinary help. If your pet has ingested a plant and is exhibiting unusual behaviors or symptoms, contact your vet immediately, or call the Pet Poison Hotline.

This listing is not exhaustive. There thousands of botanicals, and the chemistry may not be known. This list is for dog parents. Bear in mind that many plants cause eye and nose irritation if played with. If you have these plants growing in your yard, and you can't keep your dog from eating them, it's best to keep the dog out of the garden altogether. That's not cruel, it's the best solution for you and your dog. You're entitled to indulge in gardening, and the pooch gets plenty of food and treats. Sometimes a little behavior modification is all your dog needs. My dog grew up in the gardens, and she knows that when i start landscaping an area, she's not allowed to go in it. It helps that i'm in the garden with her for a good part of the day, and there's no getting around my rules.

There are other comprehensive lists available online for plants dangerous to other pets. New plants are frequently bred and hybrids that don't list toxicity.

There are also dogs who eat plants and are totally unaffected by the toxins. Don't take the risk, know your poisons and protect your dog.

Note: I have a large number of these plants. Most of my gardens are decoratively and efficiently fenced off from my dog, surrounded by decorative stones, or prickly plants with thorns that no dog in it's right mind wants to deal with. I've also planted most ornamentals, vines and trees in tall pots, so there's not much incentive to work for the food. My girl doesn't care for flowers and plants at all. I removed every blade of grass on my property and landscaped instead, and she doesn't care for the ornamental grasses, so she's out of luck at snacktime.

Now, if she'd just stop digging little holes when I'm not looking, i can eliminate some fencing and make my life easier.

Herbs, Vegetables, and Edible Plants

A general rule of thumb is that anything in the onion and garlic families will be toxic to dogs

Chamomile

Chives

Garlic

Hops

Grapes

Leeks

Onions

Shallots

Rhubarb

Tomato Plants
(every part of the tomato plant is toxic)

Flowers, Foliage Plants and Bulbs

Iris

Allium

Ivy

Larkspur

Amaryllis

Asparagus Fern

Autumn Crocus

Begonia

Laceflower

Bleeding Heart

Buttercup

Periwinkle

Primrose

Clematis

Cyclamen

Daffodil

Foxglove

Geranium

Gladiola

Hosta

Castor Bean

Lily

Lily of the Valley

Monkshood

Morning Glory

Star of Bethlehem

Sweet Pea

Tulip/Narcissus

Wisteria

Yarrow

Chrysanthemum

Trees and Shrubs

Hydrangea

Apple Tree

Apricot Tree

Bead Tree

Burning Bush

Oleander

Peach Tree

Plum Tree

Winterberry Holly

Yew

Cherry Tree

sources
ASPCA
Rover
vintage art

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Part I - Flowers

Symbolism

Many flowers from around the world appear in mythology. And many cultures connect flowers with birth, with the return of spring after winter, with life after death, and with joyful youth, beauty, and merriment. Because they fade quickly, flowers are also linked with death, especially the death of the young. Together the two sets of associations suggest death followed by heavenly rebirth, which may be one reason for the tradition of placing or planting flowers on graves. People also offer flowers to their gods at shrines and decorate churches with them.

In many societies, certain colors of flowers have acquired symbolic meanings. White blossoms, for example, represent both purity and death, while red ones often symbolize passion, energy, and blood. Yellow flowers may suggest gold or the sun. In the Chinese Taoist tradition the highest stage of enlightenment was pictured as a golden flower growing from the top of the head.

The shapes of flowers also have significance. Blossoms with petals projecting outward like rays of light from the sun have been associated with the sun and with the idea of the center—of the world, the universe, or consciousness.

Anemone - Greek mythology linked the red anemone, sometimes called the windflower, to the death of Adonis. This handsome young man was loved by both Persephone, queen of the underworld, and Aphrodite, goddess of love. Adonis enjoyed hunting, and one day when he was out hunting alone, he wounded a fierce boar, which stabbed him with its tusks. Aphrodite heard the cries of her lover and arrived to see Adonis bleeding to death. Red anemones sprang from the earth where the drops of Adonis's blood fell. In another version of the story, the anemones were white before the death of Adonis, whose blood turned them red. Christians later adopted the symbolism of the anemone. For them its red represented the blood shed by Jesus on the cross. Anemones sometimes appear in paintings of the Crucifixion.

Carnation - Composed of tightly packed, fringed petals of white, yellow, pink, or red, carnations have many different meanings. To the Indians of Mexico, they are the "flowers of the dead," and their fragrant blooms are piled around corpses being prepared for burial. For the Koreans, three carnations placed on top of the head are a form of divination. The flower that withers first indicates which phase of the person's life will contain suffering and hardship. To the Flemish people of Europe, red carnations symbolized love, and a kind of carnation called a pink was traditionally associated with weddings.

Hyacinth- The Greek myth of Hyacinthus and Apollo tells of the origin of the hyacinth, a member of the lily family. Hyacinthus, a beautiful young man of Sparta, was loved by the sun god Apollo. One day the two were amusing themselves throwing a discus when the discus struck Hyacinthus and killed him. Some accounts say that Zephyrus, the god of the west wind, directed the discus out of jealousy because he also loved Hyacinthus. While Apollo was deep in grief, mourning the loss of his companion, a splendid new flower rose out of the bloodstained earth where the young man had died. Apollo named it the hyacinth and ordered that a three-day festival, the Hyacinthia, be held in Sparta every year to honor his friend.

Lily -To the ancient Egyptians, the trumpet-shaped lily was a symbol of Upper Egypt, the southern part of the country. In the ancient Near East, the lily was associated with Ishtar, also known as Astarte, who was a goddess of creation and fertility as well as a virgin. The Greeks and Romans linked the lily with the queen of the gods, called Hera by the Greeks and Juno by the Romans. The lily was also one of the symbols of the Roman goddess Venus.

In later times, Christians adopted the lily as the symbol of Mary who became the mother of Jesus while still a virgin. Painters often portrayed the angel Gabriel handing Mary a lily, which became a Christian symbol of purity. Besides being linked to Mary, the lily was also associated with virgin saints and other figures of exceptional chastity.

Lotus -The lotus shares some associations with the lily. Lotus flowers, which bloom in water, can represent female sexual power and fertility as well as birth or rebirth. The ancient Egyptians portrayed the goddess Isis being born from a lotus flower, and they placed lotuses in the hands of their mummified dead to represent the new life into which the dead souls had entered.

The lotus often appears in Hindu and Buddhist stories. In Asian mythology the lotus often symbolizes the female sexual organs, from which new life is born. Lotuses appear in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology. Hindus refer to the god Brahma as "lotus-born " for he is said to have emerged from a lotus that was the navel, or center, of the universe. The lotus is also the symbol of the goddess Padma, who appears on both Hindu and Buddhist monuments as a creative force.

The holiness of the flower is illustrated by the legend that when the Buddha walked on the earth he left lotuses in his trail instead of footprints. One myth about the origin of Buddha relates that he first appeared floating on a lotus. According to a Japanese legend, the mother of Nichiren (Lotus of the Sun) became pregnant by dreaming of sunshine on a lotus. Nichirin founded a branch of Buddhism in the 1200s. The phrase "Om mani padme hum," which both Hindus and Buddhists use in meditation, means "the jewel in the lotus" and can refer to the Buddha or to the mystical union of male and female energies.

Narcissus- The Greek myth about the narcissus flower involves the gods' punishment of human shortcomings. Like the stories of Adonis and Hyacinth, it involves the transfer of life or identity from a dying young man to a flower.

Narcissus was an exceptionally attractive young man who scorned the advances of those who fell in love with him, including the nymph Echo. His lack of sympathy for the pangs of those he rejected angered the gods, who caused him to fall in love with his own reflection as he bent over a pool of water. Caught up in self-adoration, Narcissus died—either by drowning as he tried to embrace his own image or by pining away at the edge of the pool. In the place where he had sat gazing yearningly into the water, there appeared a flower that the nymphs named the narcissus. It became a symbol of selfishness and cold-heartedness. Today psychologists use the term narcissist to describe someone who directs his or her affections towards themselves, rather than toward other people.

Poppy - A type of poppy native to the Mediterranean region yields a substance called opium, a drug that was used in the ancient world to ease pain and bring on sleep. The Greeks associated poppies with both Hypnos, god of sleep, and Morpheus, god of dreams. Morphine, a drug made from opium, gets its name from Morpheus.

Rose -The rose, a sweet-smelling flower that blooms on a thorny shrub, has had many meanings in mythology. It was associated with the worship of certain goddesses and was, for the ancient Romans, a symbol of beauty and the flower of Venus. The Romans also saw roses as a symbol of death and rebirth, and they often planted them on graves.

Sunflower -Some flowers turn their heads during the day, revolving slowly on their stalks to face the sun as it travels across the sky. The Greek myth of Clytie and Apollo, which exists in several versions, explains this movement as the legacy of a lovesick girl. Clytie, who was either a water nymph or a princess of the ancient city of Babylon, fell in love with Apollo, god of the sun. For a time the god returned her love, but then he tired of her. The forlorn Clytie sat, day after day, slowly turning her head to watch Apollo move across the sky in his sun chariot. Eventually, the gods took pity on her and turned her into a flower. In some versions of the myth, she became a heliotrope or a marigold, but most accounts say that Clytie became a sunflower.

Violet - The violet, which grows low to the ground and has small purple or white flowers, appeared in an ancient Near Eastern myth that probably inspired the Greek and Roman myth of Venus and Adonis. According to this story, the great mother goddess Cybele loved Attis, who was killed while hunting a wild boar. Where his blood fell on the ground, violets grew. The Greeks believed that violets were sacred to the god Aresand to Io, one of the many human loves of Zeus. Later, in Christian symbolism, the violet stood for the virtue of humility, or humble modesty, and several legends tell of violets springing up on the graves of virgins and saints. European folktales associate violets with death and mourning.

Part 2 - Mythology of Plants coming soon

Information Resources:
Encyclopedia of Mythology
wikipedia
Encyclopedia Britannica
Library of Congress
Vintage religious art

The Northern Gardener - Growing Dwarf Citrus Trees Indoors In Winter

Marys Bloomers Site Directory

In Zone 6, which is where I am gardening, it's officially winter, and I'm not able to go out and play in the dirt. Too much snow cover to even find the dirt. The gardening and seed catalogs have already begun to take their toll on my psyche with their tantalizing photos and descriptions of plants that i'll have to wait 5 months to see in their outdoor reality. I'll turn on some mood music and ponder growing a couple of fragrant fruit trees that will live on my patio come spring.

In my quest for the simplest of simple for indoor/outdoor container gardening, I choose dwarf Lemon and Lime trees.
Meyer Lemons, in particular, to start.

Dwarf doen't mean small fruit. Oh no. It means a dwarf fruit tree producing regular-sized fruit. You really can't lose with those.

Here's one of my new lemon trees.
In a south-facing window for natural light.
It's about 4 ft. tall for a good head start.

Here it is with natural sunlight and an added overhead grow light for 12 hours of light indoors in the winter.

Lemons and limes are what i would like to try first for moveable patio trees in pots that will live indoors over the winter.
Lime trees seem to be way too tall and too expensive for my first experiment. So Dwarf Meyer Lemon it shall be.

I use those fruits the most often in winter, and i love the scents of the tree and blossoms. I am picking a couple that are at least a foot tall from my favorite plant nurseries online. I refuse to buy any nursery stock from big box stores and home centers. I buy from the growers. They raise and know their children. And I insist on organic and non-GMO plant stock in my gardens. And in my diet.

Meyer lemons are a thin-skinned hybrid fruit, part lemon and part mandarin orange, making them much sweeter than the kind of lemon you’d see at a grocery store. Meyer lemon trees have glossy, dark green leaves and fragrant white blossoms that are purple at the base. When they’re ripe, the skins of Meyer lemons will take on the color of an egg yolk—yellow with a faint orange tinge. Meyer lemon skins are fragrant and a popular ingredient among chefs.

The growing is not the challenge, they're easy. Growing them indoors part-time is the challenge.

-Cross between lemons and mandarin oranges.
-Chefs use the sweet and tart skins
-Self-pollinating
-Will fruit indoors and outdoors
-Heavy harvest in winter
-Require consistent misting indoors - this is the one thing that might do me in.
Citrus leaves crave humidity. If you have an indoor Meyer lemon tree, mist it daily. -It’s also a good idea to place rocks and water in the saucer beneath your big pot, so that humidity will increase..I can't seem remember to mist my plants unless -i leave a misting bottle in the pot with the plant.

Watering - These trees need watering only every week or so, and a nice drench each time.
Do not water until dry again and don't give it dribbles frequently.
A deep watering indoors once a week should do it. If you see leaf curls, time to water.

- Plant your Meyer lemon trees in a big, beautiful pot. I like the styles shown in the
Mediterranean and Mexican garden designs. Plain emerald green, lemon yellow, and black pots
would look awesome, too, because they show off the lemon yellow fruit and emerald green leaves.

Select a sturdy container with drainage holes that is about twice the size of the pot it came in.

Place a 2-inch layer of gravel or stones at the bottom of the pot for drainage, unless you're using a cactus or other good drainage soil.

Create a potting mixture with peat moss, potting soil, and either vermiculite or perlite in the pot.or use cactus soil. They tend to need an acidic soil, so i will add my used coffee grounds and treat them like my rhododendrons and evergreens.

Avoid using growing media formulated for moisture retention.

Clay, plastic or decorative containers are all suitable, as long as there are sufficient drainage holes. Start plants in smaller pots and move to a larger size as they grow so that there isn’t too much potting medium relative to the amount of foliage (or the soil will remain too wet after watering, making root rot more likely). A deep pot is better than a shallow one, as it will balance the tree when it gets larger and more top-heavy. Citrus can be kept in 10-12 inch pots for several years. Larger containers will allow the tree to grow bigger and more productive but these may be harder to move. Plants should be repotted every year or two.

-Slide the tree out of the container.
-Cut off dry roots and shake out the matted roots.
-Place the tree in the center of the pot.
-Place the potting mixture in the pot so that the crown of the roots rest just above the line of the soil.
- Add water slowly, and place the tree by a south- or southwest-facing window, or supplement it's sunlight wherever you like with grow lights.

Avoid an excessive amount of direct sunlight.
Periodically rotate the container so each part of the tree gets an equal amount of exposure.

Thanks to modern technology, you can grow a citrus tree in an urban apartment or home.
Use a fluorescent grow light on days when sunlight is lacking. I will be growing mine in the available sunlight, plus using my grow lights on them for at least 10 hours, as a good start in their new home..Use LED grow lights if you don’t have a window that provides plenty of light. I use them religiously. Mostly because i have a lot of plants and not a lot of window to keep them in. The other is the superb growth that results from using them. The cost of running these lights is negligible. I have several different styles that i will post here. There's a light for every spot and I have some that are quite nice-looking. Just like retro reading lamps. For small plants in small spots, like an end table or shelf. I also have a tree-style with 3 arms that can take care of 3 standing plants.

Pruning your lemon tree:

You should prune your Meyer lemon tree periodically to maintain its structure and shape, and ensure that its branches can support fruit.
Cut back the branches that do not produce fruit—called long leads—as they grow.
The side branches will spread into that space and strengthen so that they can bear the weight of the fruit.
Cut any branches that are growing toward the trunk to increase airflow between the branches.

Fertilize your plant once every few months. Lemon trees grow well if they get plenty of nitrogen
and you can find nitrogen-rich fertilizers at most plant stores.
Feed your plant once every 3 weeks in spring or summer and once every 6 weeks in fall and winter.
I use organic epsom salts and fish emulsion fertilizers on all plants, indoors and out.

Informational resources:
University of Minnesota Extension
University of Wisconsin – Madison
This Old House
Oregon State University

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